疏勒河流域2001~2010年水足迹动态特征及评价

随着人口增长、城市化进程的发展和社会经济发展,以及全球气候变化等因素的影响,疏勒河地区生态用水不断被挤占,造成地下水位下降,天然植被也因缺水而退化,水资源供需矛盾突出,为了有效改善水资源利用效率,利用水足迹模型研究了疏勒河流域2001~2010年的水足迹动态特征。结果表明:疏勒河流域2001~2010年总水足迹呈增长趋势,人均水足迹从2001年的772.537m3增加到2010年的1 304.476m3。疏勒河流域水资源集约利用度呈增长趋势,从2001年的6.053增加到2010年的10.875,说明疏勒河流域水资源利用效率提高了。疏勒河流域水资源压力指数从2001年的0.447增加到2010年的0.747,说明疏勒河水资源利用压力虽处于水资源可承载范围内,但其水资源压力不断上升。农田灌溉用水和农田种植面积均与农畜产品虚拟水足迹呈显著正相关关系(P0.05)。未来还需从实施节水农业战略等方面提高流域水资源利用效率,以及通过虚拟水贸易方式优化产业结构,以实现疏勒河流域水资源可持续利用和经济社会可持续发展。     

我国野生动物非法贸易协同治理问题分析

野生动物是地球上所有生命和自然生态体系的重要组成部分,其生存状况同人类可持续发展息息相关。当前无序的利用致使野生动物非法贸易已成为世界第3大犯罪,严重影响到生物多样性、生态系统服务功能、全球社会秩序和公共安全以及野生动物福利。国内外打击野生动物非法贸易已逐步形成了以更新野生动物保护理念、完善法律制度、建立执法网络等为主体的惩治体系,但仍然存在目标不一致、权责不明确、信息共享弱、社会参与度低等协同治理的内生困境。文中介绍野生动物非法贸易现状及其危害,梳理国内外野生动物非法贸易惩治举措,分析野生动物非法贸易协同治理面临的困境,基于协同治理理论提出了统一价值理念、完善法律法规、形成治理合力、鼓励社会参与和加强国际合作等建议。     

金砖国家农业合作机制进展与展望

完善农业合作机制是推动国家间农业可持续发展与合作的重要路径。金砖国家（巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国、南非）农业合作机制是世界重要的多边农业合作机制之一,通过系统梳理金砖国家农业合作机制建立背景与意义、构建历程,探索其主要成绩与存在问题,展望未来趋势并提出相关建议。金砖国家农业合作已取得系列成效：国际地位提升明显、内部农产品贸易额增长较快、外资利用能力不断增强。但仍存在政治安全风险、缺乏落地平台、科技交流薄弱等问题。建议成立专项基金支持农业科技创新、完善农业信息交流平台、以双边协定促进多边贸易稳定性。     

入世以来中国水产品贸易的格局特征及发展前景

水产品是中国传统的出口优势产品。加入WTO以来,中国水产品贸易在进出口双向快速增长的局面下,保持了净出口态势。文章在总结中国水产品入世几年来进出口的发展趋势、产品结构以及国别特征的基础上,着重分析了其发展前景。结果表明,增强质量竞争力是优势水产品出口实现持续增长的关键,未来几年对国外捕捞类水产品进口将继续大规模增长,中国水产品进出口的产品结构特征短期内不会有显著变化。最后,基于提高出口水产品竞争力、优化中国水产品贸易格局的目的提出了一些对策建议。     

海洋环境变化对水产品贸易影响的实证研究——以浙江省为例

浙江省作为沿海省份,随着其工业经济的快速发展和人民生活需求的提高,一方面工业企业向环境排放了大量的污染物,使得污染物最终流入大海,从而破坏了水产品的生长环境;另一方面由于人均可支配收入的增加,人们加大了对水产品的消费需求。近年来浙江省海洋环境形势严峻,其好坏直接影响到水产品贸易的发展。文章拟从分析工业发展和城市化引起的海洋污染入手,着重阐明海洋环境的好坏与水产品出口的关系,并提出发展水产品贸易的对策建议。     

中国鳗鱼出口面临的技术壁垒与对策

我国是世界上最大的产鳗国,主要出口日本。但自2001年起,日方对鳗鱼制定了较为严格的技术性标准,使我国的鳗鱼出口遭遇到越来越严重的技术性贸易壁垒。如何跨越日本的技术性贸易壁垒,促进我国鳗业出口的健康发展是摆在我们面前的重大课题。文章分析了我国鳗业发展中存在的问题,并提出了相关对策。     

福建省对外贸易与就业协调关系研究

在分析福建省对外贸易与就业现状的基础上,通过建立多元回归模型,利用1996—2010年的年度数据,检验了对外贸易与就业之间的关系。实证分析结果表明,福建省一般出口货物贸易和加工贸易能够显著拉动就业增长,一般进口货物贸易和外商作为投资进口的物资和设备对就业增长的影响较弱,而加工贸易进口将抑制就业的增加。据此对完善福建省对外贸易与就业关系提出相关建议。     

Early Development of the Mandarinfish, Synchiropus splendidus (Callionymidae), with notes on its Fishery and Potential for Culture

The mandarinfish, Synchiropus splendidus, is a small, pelagic-spawning enthic dragonet of the western Pacific. Although popular in the marine aquarium trade, little is known of its fishery or biology. All aquarium-trade animals are currently taken from the wild and the impact of heavy collecting is unknown. The specialized and selective nature of the fishery for mandarinfish is described and its potential to disrupt the mating system identified. As a possible alternative to wild capture and as an aid to sustainable exploitation, egg production and early development relevant to mariculture are described, including egg output, embryo, larva and post-settlement development to 30 days, based on live material. Egg output was determined for 40 females and ranged from 12 to 205 eggs. Embryo and larva development were rapid, with settlement occurring within 14 days at 24–26 °C, and at 3.5 mm TL. The swimbladder is retained in adults. Our limited attempts at raising the mandarinfish to settlement were encouraging and suggest an excellent potential for mariculture with implications for both conservation and improved maintenance of fish in captivity. At present, given that this species is difficult to maintain in captivity, it is only suitable for experienced aquarists. Preliminary diet information is provided. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Tracking the Trade in Ornamental Coral Reef Organisms: The Importance of CITES and its Limitations

The extraction of coral reef organisms for the aquarium and curio trade is reported to be contributing to coral reef degradation. The total international trade and associated impacts are unknown, because data are collected only for organisms listed on Appendix II of CITES, which include stony corals, antipatharians and giant clams. CITES data indicate that trade in live stony coral and reef substrate (live rock) increased by 15–30% each year during the 1990s, with most exports since 1992 from Indonesia and Fiji. Overall, 19% of all stony coral traded (by item) from 1985 to 1997 was live; 71kern-1pt% of this was traded between 1993 and 1997 (52% of total trade). Although tracking trade using information from the CITES Trade Database provides limited information (e.g., coral is reported to genus, and volume is reported by item or weight), the CITES mechanism promotes the development of strategies to protect resources. In response to CITES requirements, Indonesia developed a management plan for sustainable harvest of corals, but not for non-CITES listed species such as soft corals and fishes. Trade in hard and soft coral provides revenue for developing countries; however, in order to be of lasting value the industry must be developed with a conservation ethic. This requires support for international programs such as CITES, management plans for sustainable harvest, and improved enforcement.     

Fisheries and trade of seahorses, Hippocampus spp., in southern India

Abstract  Seahorses ( Hippocampus spp. ) are a major commodity fished from the shallow coastal seas of the south coast of India where there is an abundance of sea grasses, sponges and corals. They are in great demand for export as traditional medicines, curios and aquarium fish. Organised fishing and trade of seahorses exists in India along the Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar coasts. At the Palk Bay coast, seahorses are targeted by divers along with sea cucumbers ( Holothuria spp. ) and gastropods (e.g. Murex spp., Xancus pyrum Hornell). In the Gulf of Mannar, most of the seahorses are landed as bycatch of shrimp trawling. Seahorses are also fished from Kerala as a bycatch of trawling, although no organised fishery and trade exists. Five species of seahorses were identified from the Palk Bay coast, whereas only two species were obtained from Kerala. Most seahorses from India are exported to Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia and the United Arab Emirates. The volume of dried seahorse trade from India was estimated to be 9.75 t as derived from catch data in 2001, which was much higher than official statistics of 4.34 t during 2001–2002, suggesting the major part of the exports might be through non-conventional means and goes undeclared. Some aspects of the impact of large-scale fishing and trade on conservation of these seahorses are discussed.